Random-ise: the works of George Eliot, -ize and -ise verbs

This is part of an investigation I've been doing into the use and spelling of -ize suffix verbs and their spelling (-ize or -ise) in British English. For more details, related posts and the methods I've used, see the -ize / -ise page.

The spelling of -ize suffix verbs in the published works of
George Eliot 1819-1880

Principal works

• Scenes of Clerical Life 1857-8
• Adam Bede, 1859
• The Mill on the Floss, 1860
• Silas Marner, 1861
• Romola, 1863
• Felix Holt, the Radical, 1866
• Middlemarch, 1871–72
• Daniel Deronda, 1876

Introduction

In Google Books, I've been able to find original British editions of Stories of Clerical Life, Adam Bede, Felix Holt and Middlmarch. For The Mill on the Floss and Daniel Deronda, there appear to be only American editions, which of course will appear with z endings throughout. For Silas Marner and Romola, there are editions from publication year from Tauchnitz of Leipzig.

All the British first editions of George Eliot's works that I've been able to find were printed with s endings. In other words, the works of one of the greatest of British writers, author of what has been described as the greatest English novel ever - Middlemarch, probably all saw the light of day with s endings.

This gels with other evidence which suggests that much of the change (or perhaps consolidation) to s in book publishing took place mainly in the 1830s and 1840s.

All Eliot's books were first published by William Blackwood, her first published work (Amos Barton, the first of the Scenes of Clerical Life) having appeared in Blackwood's Magazine. The books' appearance in Britain seems to have been quickly followed by publication in Europe by Bernhard Tauchnitz of Leipzig, a prolific publisher of British and American works. But here there is a mixed story, with Silas Marner appearing with all s endings, and Romola, two years later, with all z.

Scenes of Clerical Life 1857-8

These three stories, Eliot's first published work, originally appeared in Blackwood's Magazine in 1857, and were then published by Blackwood in book form in 1858. Google Books has both volumes of the 1858 set, and Blackwood's Magazine for the first half of 1857, containing the first two stories. The magazine also includes several other pieces, both fiction and non-fiction.

• Blackwood's 1857 Vol 81 Jan-June (American Edition Vol 44)
  • No.1 The Sad Fortunes of Amos Barton
  • No.2 Mr Gilfil's Love Story
• Scenes of Clerical Life Vol 1/2, 1858 William Blackwood
  • No.1 The Sad Fortunes of Amos Barton
  • No.2 Mr Gilfil's Love Story Part 1
• Scenes of Clerical Life Vol 2/2, 1858 William Blackwood
  • No.2 Mr Gilfil's Love Story Part 2
  • No.3 Janet's Repentance

In both the magazine and the books, these stories are printed with s spellings throughout. On a test set of verbs and their variants, the whole magazine had 3 z endings compared with 161 s endings.

Suffix -ize verbs - 27 instances of 16 verbs

		1857		1858 Vol 1/2		1858 Vol 2/2
		-ize	-ise	-ize	-ise	-ize	-ise
apostrophize	(1)		1		1
catechizing	(1)
characterizes	(1)		1
criticize	(1)						2
criticizing	(1)		1		1
demoralized	(1)		1				1
demoralizing	(1)						1
economize	(2)		1		1
harmonized	(1)						1
martyrizing	(1)		1		1
neutralized	(2)						2
organized	(1)						1
particularization	(1)				1
recognize	(3)		2		2		1
recognized	(6)	6			3		3
scandalized	(3)		3		3

French -ise verbs - 37 instances of 16 verbs

advertising	(2)
advise	(3)
comprising	(1)
despise	(2)
despised	(1)
devise	(1)
devised	(2)
devising	(1)
disguise	(1)
exercise	(2)
exercised	(1)
ill-advised	(2)
surmise	(2)
surmised	(1)
surprised	(11)
surprising	(4)

Showing all instances of -ize and -ise as shown in Project Gutenberg

errors. So it is not surprising that I recall with a

in front of the gallery, advertising in bold characters the psalm

with a dignified abstinence from particularization, both words and music lying

emphasis; as a hen, when advertising her accouchement, passes at irregular

even perhaps have been rather scandalized if she had descended from

Barton, whom you have already surmised not to have the refined

choir. But he was rather scandalized at my setting the tune

mysteries of a university education, surprised the young ladies of his

for Madams. The persons least surprised at the Rev. Amos's deficiencies

the master of the workhouse, exercised an irate surveillance, and I

plot to prevent you from martyrizing yourself.'

that Milby respectability refused to recognize the Countess Czerlaski, in spite

know, cannot be expected to surmise the details of poverty. She

door, which she at once recognized as the Countess's, and that

Milly was not at all surprised or sorry to see her;

and swollen, she was both surprised and sorry.

excellent apartments at Camp Villa, comprising dining and drawing rooms, three

for an accomplished writer to apostrophize calumny, to quote Virgil, and

herself to her brother, and recognize his wife. This seemed quite

at the gate, which she recognized as Dr Madeley's, the physician

and geography; and Mrs. Farquhar devised many treats for the little

as soon have thought of criticizing the moon as their pastor.

a flippant town youth, greatly scandalized his excellent relatives by declaring

Lady Cheverel recognized the handwriting as Sarti's in

should be mean enough to economize in his cellar, and reduce

beauty; and it is not surprising that in that uninteresting period

most benevolent magician could have devised for him. It is the

woman, whom no one need despise, is an agreeable sensation, comparable

I did. And let me advise you to do so by

you ought not to be surprised that other people can; you

of the critical acumen which characterizes the mutual estimates of the

me beg of you to exercise more control over your feelings;

you to be patient, and exercise your good feelings in this

dreaded that Sir Christopher should surmise or discover the true state

to show her how he despised her; he wanted to make

him I hate him, I despise him, I loathe him!'

along, and whom Mr. Gilfil recognized, in spite of diminished rotundity,

with thankfulness that she had recognized him, he could hardly repress

hour of the day, of devising everything for her comfort, of

to resist the introduction of demoralizing, methodistical doctrine into this parish;

new surgeon attempted, in an ill-advised hour, to settle himself in

was soon developed into an organized opposition. A protest against the

there was not much to criticize in them, for she had

interesting-looking woman. I was quite surprised, for I have heard the

and Dame Ricketts, and the ill-advised appearance of a lean bull-terrier,

to have our young people demoralized and corrupted by the temptations

turning slowly round upon him, recognized the well-known drab waistcoat sleeves,

supply of plumcakes would have neutralized. And Mrs. Dunn was of

It is really surprising that young ladies should not

boys find it difficult to recognize apostolical institutions in their developed

seeing the face that completely harmonized with it, you would have

Thursday, addresses to school-teachers, and catechizing of school-children, with pastoral visits,

on him so far to economize time and strength as to

Janet was surprised, and forgot her wish not

prevision; and it is not surprising that, being thus kept in

of flushed feverish defiance that neutralized her woman's terrors.

felt a buoyant courage that surprised herself, after the cold crushing

his wife lately? I was surprised to hear of her being

have you to teach and advise me, and I could bear

terrible accident, and I don't disguise that there is considerable danger

to be alone; let me advise you to have Mrs. Raynor

Mrs. Linnet was so agreeably surprised by the fact that Dempster

door. The good woman looked surprised to see her at that

that care and tenderness could devise. There were many visitors to

Adam Bede 1859

What is interesting here is that the First Edition, published by Blackwell, used entirely s endings, but the later Project Gutenberg (provenance unknown) while using mainly z (American publication?) has let a couple of s's creep in. This suggests to me that much of this was down to the printers.

Suffix -ize verbs - 21 instances of 19 verbs

		1859 Vol 1		1859 Vol 2		1859 Vol 3
		-ize	-ise	-ize	-ise	-ize	-ise
agonized	(1)						1
agonizing	(1)						1
civilization	(1)		1
criticize	(1)				1
harmonized	(1)		2
neutralised	(1)						1
patronising	(1)		1		1
patronize	(1)		1
patronized	(1)		1
patronizing	(1)
recognize	(1)		1
recognized	(3)		1				2
scandalized	(1)		1
scandalizing	(1)		1
theorizing	(1)						1
tyrannized	(1)						1
unrecognized	(1)		1
unsympathizing	(1)				1
vocalization	(1)						1

French -ise verbs - 47 instances of 17 verbs

advise	(3)
compromise	(1)
compromising	(1)
despise	(7)
despised	(1)
devise	(3)
devised	(1)
devising	(1)
disguise	(1)
disguises	(1)
exorcising	(1)
ill-advised	(1)
improvised	(1)
surmised	(1)
surprise	(2)
surprised	(13)
surprising	(8)

Showing all instances of -ize and -ise as shown in Project Gutenberg

dim, for she did not recognize Adam till he said, "Here's

"I'd advise you not to be up

own uttering the thoughts we despise; we see eyes—ah, so like

wealth, and would not be surprised to find that Mr. Irwine

Green!" said Mr. Irwine, looking surprised but quite serene. "What, that

hardly do for me to patronize a Methodist preacher, even if

she would consent to be patronized by an idle shepherd, as

felt that, however ill he harmonized with sound theories of the

allays talking as we must despise the things o' the world

Mrs. Poyser, who professed to despise all personal attractions and intended

the dairy and given several improvised opinions on Swede turnips and

could answer, Mrs. Poyser interposed, scandalized at the mere suggestion that

to chop wood, for he surmised that Dinah would like to

will go through life without scandalizing any one; a seaworthy vessel

few bushes and ditches for exorcising a demon; and it is

this, you will perhaps be surprised to hear that although Gawaine

an afternoon in which destiny disguises her cold awful face behind

possess on earth. Before you despise Adam as deficient in penetration,

eye, there has been a surprising similarity of result. One begins

beauty, so it is not surprising that Mrs. Poyser, with her

The progress of civilization has made a breakfast or

have no reason to be surprised if you have nothing particular

to have his handsome deeds recognized.

Possibly there was some such unrecognized agent secretly busy in Arthur's

security against it. His honest, patronizing pride in the good-will and

prepossessions: we shall hate and despise with that true ruminant relish

Dutch paintings, which lofty-minded people despise. I find a source of

familiarly. Doubtless it will be despised as a weakness by that

would perhaps hear nothing very surprising if you were to inquire

conjectures her small ingenuity could devise to account for Arthur's absence

wonder the secret escapes the unsympathizing observer, who might as well

the ladies. Something that will surprise you," he continued, as they

You will be the less surprised at this opinion in so

vain. He was still more surprised when he saw that Adam

felt his temper rising. A patronising disposition always has its meaner

not in a position to criticize his conduct. And yet he

and a scoundrel, and I despise you."

problem of committing indiscretions without compromising herself. Perhaps the resemblance was

said, with an alacrity that surprised Mrs. Poyser, "I'll go with

did not seem at all surprising that Adam said he would

as he walked home, in devising pitying excuses for her folly,

sign of having renounced her ill-advised wish. But instead of that,

there. You must not be surprised if I cast a covetous

indicated a distant inclination to compromise on Mrs. Poyser's part. "Bethell

Poyser thought she noticed a surprising improvement in Hetty. To be

for Hetty: he could not disguise mystery in this way with

your uncle some news that'll surprise him, Hetty; and I think

Mrs. Poyser was quite agreeably surprised that Hetty wished to go

hoping this, and as he recognized the cottage by the roadside

by a rush of distinct agonizing fears. Hetty had been deceiving

Adam, surprised at the violence of Mr.

scorching sense of disgrace, which neutralised all other sensibility—and Mr. Irwine

said, "I don't like to advise you against your own feelings,

to-night. But I could not advise him to see you, Adam.

memories, the bitter regret, the agonized sympathy, the struggling appeals to

delicate way that Arthur would devise, the lay-impropriator of the Hayslope

To Arthur it was nothing surprising that the servants looked grave

Nothing could have been less surprising to him than a letter

I heard you preach, and recognized him in court to-day, ill

"You're surprised to see me at this

This errand was devised for Totty as a means

The question surprised her, and relieved her by

to meet him. Seth was surprised, and thought something unusual must

new corn-ricks, and at the surprising abundance of fruit on the

novels; prone even to scientific theorizing and cursory peeps through microscopes.

Tim, thinking slightly of David's vocalization, was impelled to supersede that

daughter she had desired to devise a single pretext for complaint.

by Dinah's side, and be tyrannized over by Dinah's and Adam's

Silas Marner 1861

The only suitable edition I could find at Google Books is one published by Bernhard Tauchnitz in Leipzig the same year as its appearance in Britain.

Tauchnitz published over 5000 books by British and American authors at a time when no copyright agreements existed between, for example, Germany and Britain, and where even within Britain, the copyright laws were pretty lax. Tauchnitz, however, was scupulously fair with his authors, paying them correctly, and in fact being authorised by them to publish their books for sale on the Continent. He was also a leading campaigner for international copyright agreements.

Tauchnitz's edition uses s throughout.

Suffix -ize verbs - 11 instances of 9 verbs

		1861
		-ize	-ise
catechise	(1)		1
civilization	(1)		1
criticise	(1)		1
neutralize	(1)		1
patronizing	(1)		1
recognize	(2)		2
recognized	(2)		2
scrutinize	(1)		1
soliloquizes	(1)		1

French -ise verbs - 17 instances of 9 verbs

advise	(3)
chastise	(1)
chastised	(1)
compromise	(1)
despising	(1)
devising	(1)
surprise	(1)
surprised	(4)
surprising	(4)

Showing all instances of -ize and -ise as shown in Project Gutenberg

lying on the outskirts of civilization—inhabited by meagre sheep and thinly-scattered

the church, and had been recognized in the prayer-meetings; it could

can be a ground of surprise only to those who are

a very good chance. I'd advise you to creep up her

bargains. For which reason I advise you to let me sell

the daily habits were not chastised by the presence of household

farrier—a man intensely opposed to compromise.

triumph, which would tend to neutralize his share of the general

midnight, he was not much surprised to learn that Dunsey had

my turning," said Bryce, not surprised to perceive that Godfrey was

Mr. Macey. "Now, let me advise you to get a Sunday

as this, it is not surprising that Mr. Macey observed, later

not a relation. It seemed surprising that Ben Winthrop, who loved

degree that everybody said was surprising, considering the kinship was on

Gunns could see nothing to criticise except her hands, which bore

of being noisily jovial and patronizing: the large silver snuff-box was

that twitches its nose and soliloquizes in all company indiscriminately—now blinked

his dead wife would be recognized: those were not days of

and let her learn her catechise, as my little Aaron can

capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome,

are some whom we shall recognize, in spite of Time, who

and whom we may not recognize so easily as the master

who has vainly tried to chastise her curly auburn hair into

so that it is not surprising if, in other things besides

a habit with her to scrutinize her past feelings and actions

imagined, for she was presently surprised by the appearance of the

all," said Jane, not altogether despising a hypothesis which covered a

the Red House," said Godfrey, surprised at the difficulty he found

Romola 1863

Unfortunately I can't find an original Blackwood edition of 1863, only one from Tauchnitz of the same year. And despite that publisher's edition of Silas Marner having all s endings, his edition of Romola, from two years lates has excluively z endings. Why would this be so, I wonder.

Some technical problems. Vol 1 search only brings up background files rather than the photogrtapcic record (which don't alwasy have the same spelling), but I've checked all these out, and the seacrh results sem correct. In Vol 2 search appears to have a blind spot near the end.

Suffix -ize verbs - 59 instances of 27 verbs

		1863 Vol 1/2		1863 Vol 2/2
		-ize	-ise	-ize	-ise
aggrandised	(1)	1
agonised	(2)			2
appetising	(1)			1
authorising	(1)	1
baptised	(3)	2
brutalising	(1)	1
characterised	(1)	1
civilised	(2)	1
criticise	(1)			1
economising	(1)	1
herborises	(1)		1
organisation	(1)			1
organised	(2)			2
patronising	(3)			3
philosophising	(1)	1
recognise	(7)	2		4
recognised	(20)	8		11
recognises	(1)	1
scandalised	(1)			1
scrutinising	(1)	1
signalised	(1)	1
stigmatised	(1)	1
sympathising	(1)	1
theorising	(1)	1
tranquillising	(1)	1
unorganised	(1)			1
unrecognised	(1)			1

French -ise verbs - 49 instances of 19 verbs

advise	(2)
adviser	(1)
apologise	(1)
apprise	(2)
apprised	(1)
despise	(4)
despised	(6)
despises	(1)
despising	(2)
devise	(2)
devised	(3)
devising	(1)
disguised	(1)
exercised	(1)
improvised	(1)
surprised	(11)
surprises	(1)
surprising	(7)
well-devised	(1)

Showing all instances of -ize and -ise as shown in Project Gutenberg

the westward-bending river that he recognises; not only the dark sides

Brunelleschi or Michelozzo would have devised something of another fashion than

is easier and pleasanter to recognise the old than to account

Christian? Had he not been baptised in San Giovanni, where the

a pagan philosopher, nor a philosophising pagan poet, but a man

physic, like a gigantic spider disguised in fur and scarlet, waiting

chins.) Besides, your druggist, who herborises and decocts, is a man

the victims of a sad, brutalising chastisement befitting our Dante’s Inferno,

this cloth. Gnaffè! I almost advise you to retain the faded

our seeing the Bardi disastrously signalised only a few years later

rather, such inert students are stigmatised as opici or barbarians according

the spot where Saint Philip baptised the Ethiopian eunuch, or some

give you the secretary’s answer, authorising you to present yourself to

scholar, in reply, was not surprised that Scala found the Age

that were fitly called towers—strangely aggrandised descendants of those torches by

Cecca to help it, had devised for the magnificent Zecca a

got older: he was constantly scrutinising Tito’s mind to see whether

peculiar kind of football—and otherwise exercised themselves. At this mid-day time

Tessa obeyed with a tranquillising sense that life was going

me a kiss,” said Tito, economising time by speaking while he

his visit to Bardo, and apologise for his previous non-appearance. Tito’s

the fulfilment of a secretly recognised claim, to say nothing of

forward with a force that surprises myself. And now, what I

the ears, while an equally surprising carmine tint on the upper

short stout form, which he recognised as that of Monna Brigida,

while a handful of ’prentices, despising the slack entertainment of guerilla

their rear. Among these Tito recognised his acquaintance Bratti, who stood

basket slung before him. Rather surprised at a deportment so unusual

was sure now that he recognised the sharp upward-tending angles of

dress, when his quick eye recognised Tito and Tessa who were

she had been taught to despise, would have fixed itself on

images of the vision she despised jarred and distressed her like

Fra Girolamo, Messer Francesco Cei despises him.”

bit of fooling, which I devised two days ago. Here, Sandro!”

took to his heels with surprising rapidity.

Nello went on, in a sympathising tone, “you are the slave

or window-shutter? No? Well, I advise you to look; for it

a demon, but what Tito recognised as Vaiano’s monkey, made more

a sigh, for the eager theorising of ages is compressed, as

noises, Tito was not much surprised at this mode of defence

of awed admiration at the surprising young signor.

Florentine it was impossible to despise the recommendation of standing well

much desired not to be recognised at that moment. His time

of stones to make a surprising hail from the upper windows.

France were at that time characterised by something approaching to a

with bitterness that a timely, well-devised falsehood might have saved him

have the credit of the improvised welcome. No wonder Tito was

the streets still presented a surprising aspect, such as Florentines had

presence of mind necessary to recognise Baldassarre under that surprise!—it would

Romola; you must not be surprised if I am peevish.”

“You are surprised, are you not? It was

they were not a little surprised at the form of its

the dormant fibres, and he recognised it. That Tito nearly a

like a frosty ache. This despised body, which was to be

helpless: the sharp steel that despised talents and eluded strength would

the gain of the whole civilised world.”

Italian cities and the whole civilised world—I am thinking of my

that the man she was despising as he leaned there in

could only feel that she despised him. The pride and fierceness

the door and saw this surprising little handmaid, with delight in

I shrink from him. I despise him!”

dwelling with a sort of agonised fascination on the wasted face;

had itself awakened. It could devise no torture that would seem

measure which hard-pressed ingenuity might devise. For this reason he had

make a part, though an unrecognised part, of our inheritance, like

of posterity would be very surprising to ancestors, if ancestors could

were just dallying with the appetising delicacies that introduced the more

masterpiece of Antonio Pollajuolo, whom patronising Popes had seduced from his

was more fraternal and less patronising in his manner than Tornabuoni,

is mad. I did not recognise him the first time he

the Duomo. I did not recognise him then; he looks now

necessary to himself—wished he had recognised his father on the steps—wished

sought the garb as a disguise. But you were not suffered

he would look round and recognise Romola; but he was apparently

making any effort to be recognised by him, threw her black

along, could not escape being recognised by some as the welcome

than ever, and seemed to recognise the tallest member of the

of the Santa Trinita, had organised these young men into an

hardness heightened her dread. She recognised Cronaca and two other frequenters

in me. I am not surprised at any exaggerated conclusion you

set your imagination at work devising crimes for me, and you

on, in a tone of agonised entreaty, “if you would once

considerable group, amongst whom Romola recognised Piero di Cosimo, standing on

prepared but for a peculiar organisation which had been started by

The beardless inquisitors, organised into little regiments, doubtless took

Another figure easily recognised by us—a figure not clad

the children. Tito himself was surprised at the growing sense of

she came near him she recognised an old acquaintance of the

good,” said Bratti, in a patronising tone; “then I’ll let you

about knowing. But one thing surprised her as newer than wreaths

words to Tito that would apprise him of her late interview

an outward law, which she recognised as a widely-ramifying obligation, and

of a nature that she despised. All her efforts at union

was weakness only that was despised; power of any sort carried

he had not stayed to recognise in the lamplight. The man

of these lay visitors she recognised a well-known satellite of Francesco

that you will dare to despise the plea of mercy—of justice—of

shrug. “I shall not be surprised if this business shakes her

modern language being in an unorganised and scrambling condition for the

not engaged in concealing the adviser.

and he had lately been apprised that his news was seldom

his villa, I wished to apprise you that a courier carrying

be in bed, and be surprised in his morning sleep.

of sight, they had been recognised.

its character a little. He recognised the Hebrew baby, he was

Benedetto by name, having been baptised in the church on the

what her soul had once recognised as the best. She began

companions, had a disposition to criticise Fra Girolamo’s rule as Prior,

thy pride and vainglory, hast scandalised all the world.” And when

Felix Holt the Radical

There are a few minor discrepancies between the Project Gutenberg text and the Blackwood edition, but this is probably due to the search facility at Google Books, which is not finding certain words withj the search facility, even though I've been able to find them 'manually' by simply looking through the text.

In Volume 1, Google Books has the strange habit of finding verbs under their z spelling, but even though they're shown with s in the text. This confirms that there are in fact two texts, the photographic one you see, and a second plain text file, which is presumably what Google searches.

There's a little duplication between Volumes 1 and 2, for example catechise and catechising, this is because, as I later discovered, Blackwood seem to have published two sets in 1866, one in three volumes, with Volume 1 including Chapters 1-14, and a two volume set, where Volume 1 contains Chapters 1-23.

In any case, the results are clear enough - Blackwoods published these books exclusively with z endings.

Suffix -ize verbs - 34 instances of 23 verbs

		1866 Vol 1/2		1866 Vol 2/3		1866 Vol 3/3
		-ize	-ise	-ize	-ise	-ize	-ise
apologize	(1)				1		1
apologized	(2)				1
authorize	(1)						1
authorized	(2)	Z	1				1
baptized	(2)	Z	2
catechise	(1)		1		1
catechising	(1)		1		1
characterized	(1)	Z	1
civilization	(2)	Z	1		1
criticised	(2)		1		1
demoralization	(1)						1
dramatized	(1)						1
economized	(1)						1
organization	(1)
organizations	(1)	Z	1
organized	(1)	Z	1
patronizing	(1)				1
recognize	(2)	Z	1				1
recognized	(6)	Z	2				1
satirized	(1)
scandalized	(1)	Z	1
temporizing	(1)	Z	1
tyrannize	(1)	Z	1		1
unrecognized	(1)						1

French -ise verbs - 56 instances of 25 verbs

advise	(3)
advised	(1)
adviser	(1)
apprise	(1)
chastised	(1)
compromised	(1)
compromising	(1)
despise	(3)
despised	(3)
despiser	(1)
despising	(1)
devised	(2)
devising	(1)
disguise	(1)
disguised	(2)
disguising	(1)
exercise	(4)
exercised	(2)
exercising	(2)
ill-advised	(1)
much-exercised	(1)
revising	(4)
surprise	(3)
surprised	(11)
surprising	(4)

Showing all instances of -ize and -ise as shown in Project Gutenberg

went hand in hand with civilization, and the providential government of

people's thoughts, and ready to despise them as blockheads if their

must in the worst case exercise in order to use the

necessity of controlling himself. He despised all persons who defeated their

truth and freedom to a temporizing mildness of language; but they

it may even be the disguised working of grace within him.

Mrs. Holt's words, that a disguised work of grace might be

when the spirit is much exercised it is difficult to remember

latitude and longitude. If the despiser of Glasgow preachers had been

is true that St. Paul exercised the trade of tent-making, though

"I should think so. I despise every man who has not—or,

mind matter was always completely organized into words. "I speak not

fact that he was inwardly surprised. The minister's daughter was not

should disorder his stomach and despise mankind. His corsairs and renegades,

companion but the tearful and much-exercised Lyddy, his daughter being still

and thinks it weakness to exercise the sublime power of resolved

affection for her father: she recognized the purity of his character,

or about having her child baptized; and on the subject of

merely passive sweetness which usually characterized it. She laid her little

consent to have la petite baptized and brought up as a

was his favorite formula. "I advise you to give it up,

have never yet had any authorized form of prayer.

elder brother Durfey, whom he despised; and he very early began

if these were Latin, he apologized, and translated to the ladies;

conquest. He always opposed and criticised her; and besides that, he

outward position, and she had surprised herself as well as her

by doing what I don't recognize as the best."

only set on foot an organization by which their instruction could

servants. Some plan must be devised by which he could avoid

grocer was prepared to be scandalized by anything that came from

his agitation, and was much surprised; but with a delicacy of

Sir,—I send this letter to apprise you that I have now

caution at command, he would exercise a little in more public

Christian was much surprised, but not now greatly alarmed.

a new and purer devotedness, chastised by humility and watched over

were still less able to advise him as to the wisest

should be glad of an adviser who had more worldly than

Esther was surprised to see her father start

coat tail. He was inwardly exercising great self-mastery—suppressing the thought of

felt it his duty to catechise a little, and also to

of duty somewhat obstructed the catechising, for his mind was so

Jermyn was surprised at the little man's eagerness.

opportunity; and that, far from despising gratitude, they regard it as

often oblige us to an advised neglect of what is less

had come forward. Among these ill-advised persons the one whose attempt

with pulpits, from whence to tyrannize over the ears of men,

sound votes, that'll stand the Revising Barrister. Debarry at the top

of the property, and had compromised your safety by an attempt

you that you should be recognized as Henry Scaddon, your denial

at which she found herself devising little schemes for attaining that

which she was bent on disguising.

Mrs. Holt came back and apologized.

retrograde—losing all the results of civilization, all the lessons of Providence—letting

him well with references. I advise him to read only, and

by his appearance. She has despised his betters before now; but

in duration, yet seem to comprise a long history of terror

the circumstances was the least compromising to the Church. Sir Maximus,

approaching. The presence of the Revising Barrister in Treby was not

him, the existence of the Revising Barrister was like the existence

to be contemplated, and not criticised. Mr. Pink professed a deep-dyed

already paid for by the recognized benefit of Garstin's existence as

and not strong, but Felix recognized the fluency and the method

he was groaned at and satirized according to a formula, in

the market-place, feeling good-natured and patronizing toward all political parties, and

to him the impossibility of revising an electioneering scheme once begun,

"You will probably be surprised, sir, at my coming to

"You will be surprised to hear, sir, that she

married until or unless some surprising chance presented itself; and now

to the point as to surprise Harold. When he showed her

so we may learn to exercise hope and faith toward one

there, you would have been surprised by a certain grandeur which

most frequently gave him—for she dramatized under the inspiration of a

with a statement of many surprising things, showing that I was

when Mrs. Transome did not authorize them by beginning to give

lightly up-stairs. She wished to surprise her father by this visit,

"Something should doubtless be devised to lighten the loss and

on this occasion, would be surprising but for the constant experience

withdraw them. Can a man apologize for being a dastard?—And I

had lost the citizenship which authorized him to plead the right;

a blue woollen comforter. Esther recognized the pair too well, and

Harold, in a tone of surprised yet thorough belief, and looking

the good Lord might have economized in their case that common-sense

Esther would not have been surprising, even if it had been

expression on his face that surprised her.

there is room for much unrecognized action of diligent persons who

and what he considered the demoralization of the workmen by treating.

to the level of all recognized honorableness, he had the powerful

this point not to be exercising any painful self-conquest in acting

the old baronet would not recognize Harold by more than the

Middlemarch 1871 Books I-IV

I've been able to find two British-published editions at Google Books, Volume 1 of the 1871 First Edition published by Blackwood, and the first volume of a (two-volume?) set published by Collins,illustrated by A.A.Dixon, an Edwardian illustator, which could be from any time from about 1905 on.

Suffix -ize verbs - 35 instances of 26 verbs

		1871 Bks I-II		Collins Bks I-IV
		-ize	-ise	-ize	-ise
apologize	(1)
apologized	(1)
characterized	(1)		1		1
civilization	(1)		1		1
criticises	(1)
crystallizing	(1)
familiarized	(1)
improvisation	(1)		1		1
long-recognized	(1)				1
monopolized	(1)				1
moralizing	(1)		1		1
organizing	(1)				1
particularize	(1)
patronize	(1)				1
recognize	(7)		1		5
recognized	(4)		3		4
recognizes	(1)				1
recognizing	(1)		1		1
scrutinize	(1)		1		1
scrutinizing	(1)		1		1
sermonizing	(1)		1
symbolized	(1)				1
sympathize	(1)		1		1
theorized	(1)		1		1
theorizers	(1)				1
utilized	(1)				1

French -ise verbs - 48 instances of 22 verbs

advise	(4)
advised	(3)
apprise	(1)
catechise	(1)
comprised	(1)
compromising	(1)
despise	(2)
despised	(2)
despises	(1)
devise	(1)
devised	(1)
devising	(1)
disguised	(1)
disguising	(1)
exercise	(1)
exercised	(3)
exercising	(1)
revise	(1)
revising	(1)
surmised	(1)
surprised	(16)
surprising	(3)

Showing all instances of -ize and -ise as shown in Project Gutenberg

Celia thought privately, "Dorothea quite despises Sir James Chettam; I believe

him, but of course he theorized a little about his attachment.

marriage under the difficulties of civilization. Has any one ever pinched

should have to repeat or revise his communications of a practical

She would perhaps be hardly characterized enough if it were omitted

religious disposition, the coercion it exercised over her life, was but

and her mind was much exercised with arguments drawn from the

speaking generally. Why do you catechise me about Sir James? It

Sir James's conceiving that she recognized him as her lover. There

small kind of tinkling which symbolized the aesthetic part of the

in the morning. He was surprised, but his surprise only issued

unrestrained ardor: he was not surprised (what lover would have been?)

irritation which every thinker will sympathize with. She was the diplomatist

counter-irritant. And without his distinctly recognizing the impulse, there certainly was

of feeling, and perhaps was surprised to find what an exceedingly

special purpose which I could recognize with some approbation, though without

Celia laughed. She was surprised to find that Mr. Casaubon

what effective shapes may be disguised in helpless embryos.—In fact, the

this lie out of some sermonizing words he may have let

the old man wanted to exercise his power by tormenting him

"At least, Fred, let me advise you not to fall in

Than all your labels cunningly devised

his present visitor, Lydgate, the scrutinizing look was a matter of

an aid to me. You recognize, I hope; the existence of

cheerful time for observers and theorizers than the present; we are

very grain of things, and revising all former explanations. Of this

much light on the power exercised in the town by Mr.

drying-ground, and he would himself scrutinize a calumny against Mrs. Strype.

Rosamond, whom he had easily monopolized in a tete-a-tete, since Mrs.

thought, one need not be surprised to find the rare conjunctions

ambition of making his life recognized as a factor in the

Lydgate was more surprised at the openness of this

everybody's nonsense, till they get despised by the very fools they

never occurred to him to devise a plan for getting half-crowns.

by his apparent determination to patronize Lydgate. The long-established practitioners, Mr.

yet for her fully to recognize or at least admit the

was not indeed entirely an improvisation, but had taken shape in

Dorothea herself, would have been surprised at her beauty being made

a tragic chorus, wailing and moralizing over misery? I suspect that

Mrs. Garth was surprised to see Fred at this

first part of this speech comprised his whole store of maledictory

into the property, she must recognize the change in his position.

after dusk, Mary was not surprised, although he seldom had leisure

now came forward anxiously. Lydgate apologized for Mr. Wrench, said that

symptoms yesterday might have been disguising, and that this form of

"I should not be surprised at anything in Bulstrode, but

made a change for her, surprising her into taking some tea

more doubtful time, he had advised calling in Dr. Sprague (who,

become easy unless it frankly recognizes a mutual fascination—which of course

not in the habit of devising falsehoods, and if her statements

would be unimpeachable by any recognized opinion. In conduct these ends

in her husband not to apologize to her.

soul had been urged to particularize, it seemed to him that

all about life and death. Advise me. Think what I can

for a new candidate, documents utilized—who knew what might come of

something about you that has surprised me very much, Rosamond."

dear, be more thoughtful; don't despise your neighbors so. Remember you

moment of naturalness was the crystallizing feather-touch: it shook flirtation into

said that nobody need be surprised if he left the best

fished and fawned, but had advised him to the best of

him, would not fail to recognize his importance.

so—I hope some individual will apprise me of the fact. I

change to another sort of surprised expression, she added, "Why, Dodo,

I owe you acknowledgments for exercising your hospitality towards a relative

get the most of. The long-recognized blood-relations and connections by marriage

not to show anything so compromising to a man of ability

fire that Standish would be surprised some day: it is true

And certainly Mr. Standish was surprised, but not at all sorry;

but the Vincys themselves were surprised when ten thousand pounds in

"There's nothing very surprising in the matter that I

taken my resolution, so I advise you to lose no time

the generous host whom nobody criticises. In the earlier half of

we must accustom ourselves to recognize with regard to your brother's

the contrary, he would have despised any ostentation of expense; his

of expense; his profession had familiarized him with all grades of

a superiority which he must recognize, gives our bitterness a milder

of. Mr. Casaubon always expressly recognized it as his duty to

how backward he was in organizing the matter for his "Key

is a difficult case to advise upon. However, he has asked

study before term. I have advised him to do that. I

"How much, methinks, I could despise this man

for anything in his lot surmised or known in spite of

vindictiveness, it is the less surprising that the probability of a

Links

George Eliot at Project Gutenberg

• Scenes of Clerical Life
• Adam Bede
• Mill on the Floss
• Silas Marner
• Romola
• Felix Holt
• Middlemarch
• Daniel Deronda

George Eliot at Google Books

• Blackwood's Magazine 1857
• Scenes of Clerical Life Vol 1/2 1858 Blackwood
• Scenes of Clerical Life Vol 2/2 1858 Blackwood
• Adam Bede Vol 1 1859 Blackwood
• Adam Bede Vol 2 1859 Blackwood
• Adam Bede Vol 3 1859 Blackwood
• Silas Marner 1861 Tauchnitz, Leipzig
• Romola1863 Tauchnitz, Leipzig
• Felix Holt Vol 1 1866 Blackwood
• Felix Holt Vol 2 1866 Blackwood
• Felix Holt Vol 3 1866 Blackwood
• Felix Holt stereotyped Blackwood 1868?
• Middlemach Vol 1 1871 Blackwood
• Middlemarch Vol 1 Collins Clear-type Press, illustrated by A.A.Dixon Collins illustrated classics, date unknown

George Eliot at Wikipedia

• George Eliot
• Adam Bede
• The Mill on the Floss
• Silas Marner
• Romola
• Felix Holt, the Radical
• Middlemarch
• Daniel Deronda

Publishers at Wikipedia

• William Blackwood
• Tauchnitz
• William Collins, Sons